· FTIR analysis of raw and acid activated bentonite are shown in Fig. 1.For RB the characteristic peaks at 3277 cm −1 and 1034 cm −1 corresponds to the joint stretching and bending vibrations of O H, associated with the water molecules which get adsorbed on the surface of RB and the O H of octahedral Al +3 cations.
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· The Kütahya calcium bentonite (CaB) from Turkey shows significant changes in crystal structure, chemical composition and porosity with H2SO4 activation realized by heating its acidic aqueous
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· Investigation of the surface acidity of a bentonite modified by acid activation and thermal treatment. Turkish Journal of Chemistry 27, 675 – 681. Google Scholar Al-Essa K. 2018 Activation of Jordanian bentonite by hydrochloric acid and its potential for olive mill.
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Raw bentonite (RB) was activated using sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid solutions with concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mol/L, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images, specific surface area, pore volume, cation exchange capacity, X-ray diffraction patterns, and binding energy of RB and acid-activated bentonites were also
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:Natural BentoniteBentonites · Abstract. Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and distilled water, yielding various
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· Bentonite has always had a multitude of markets and acid-activated bentonite was a traditional product for many decades. It is usually a Ca 2+ -bentonite that was treated with inorganic acids to replace divalent calcium ions with monovalent hydrogen ions and to leach out ferric, ferrous, aluminium and magnesium ions thus altering the
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· Vijayakumar et al. (2009) evaluated acid-activated bentonite as a catalyst in the esterification reaction of the different carboxylic acid with alcohols or p-cresol. Acid activation of bentonite was carried out in concentrated H 2 SO 4 and characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, acid titration and BET surface area.
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· Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching earths (BEs).The roles of each of the process variables, namely mass fraction of H 2 SO 4 (x) in the dried CaB and pure H 2 SO 4 mixture, heating temperature (T) and contact time
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· Green ZnO-decorated acid-activated bentonite-mediated curcumin extract (ZnO@CU/BE) was prepared as a multifunctional antioxidant and antidiabetic agent based on the extract of curcumin, which was used as a reducing and capping reagent. ZnO@CU/BE showed notably enhanced antioxidant properties against nitric oxide (88.6
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In acid activation using inorganic acid, the inorganic cation in the interlayer structure of bentonite is supplanted by the monovalent hydrogen ion. In addition, octahedral ions (Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ , and Al 3+ ) and other trace cations are leached away by
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· Activated Na-bentonite was prepared using sulfuric acid. Flow curves of the suspensions were modeled using the Herschel-Bulkley equation, which performed well for this system. The Herschel-Bulkley yield stress increased with the solids concentration and showed a maximum and minimum at the NaCl concentrations of 0.001 M and 0.01
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· In this study, the use of bentonite clay modified by acid activation is proposed. Sulfuric acid, acetic acid (v-acid/w-clay ratio=20, 40 and 60%) and sulfuric/acetic mixtures (1:1 ratio) were used
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· Adsorption experiments were evaluated in batch equilibrium mode. A 0.1-g sample of acid-activated bentonite with 50 ml aqueous solution of a 1 g L −1 dye solution at various pHs (1–11) reacted for 60 min was used for the pH studies. Experiments were carried out at 25 °C unless otherwise stated.
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· A heterogeneous Cu/clay catalyst was synthesized by dispersing copper onto the surface of bentonite clay through chemical vapor deposition (CVD). To resolve the copper leaching problem during the catalyst's application in aqueous reaction, a critical pretreatment step, acid activation by H2SO4, was applied to the original bentonite clay.
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The acid activation of bentonite from Middle Anatolia, consisting of mostly montmorillonite, with a hot solution of H 2 SO 4 with different concentrations was carried out. SEM images, nitrogen sorption isotherms and FTIR spectra were used to examine structural changes of the bentonite with acid activation. Acid–base titration method was applied to determine
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· In industry, activated clay is usually obtained from bentonite and inorganic acid (usually sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid) at the desired temperature after continuous mixing for a certain period. Acid treatment can remove mineral impurities, and H + with small ionic radius can exchange with interlayer cations such as Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ [
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· Activated bentonites are low-cost acid catalysts used in several reactions. However, their application at an industrial scale is affected by the formation of colloidal suspensions when these bentonites are in aqueous solutions. In order to overcome these limitations, this work proposes obtaining a catalyst based on a composite
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Acid activation technique was opted for modifying natural bentonite (NB) to enhance the adsorptive removal of CIP from water. The BET surface area analysis revealed that acid-activated bentonite (AAB) possessed more than two fold higher surface area as
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Application of acid-activated bentonite and SO3H-functionlized multiwall carbon nanotubes (SO3H-MWCNTs) for lowering free fatty acids (FFAs) content of low-quality residual olive oil, prior to alkali-catalyzed
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:Acid Activation of BentoniteNatural BentonitePublish Year:2020 · Vijayakumar et al. (2009) evaluated acid-activated bentonite as a catalyst in the esterification reaction of the different carboxylic acid with alcohols or p
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· Characterization of Acid Activated of Bentonite Clay of Hada, Afar, Ethiopia Mulubrhan Tsegabruk Berhe1, Goitom Gebreyohannes Berhe2*, Mulugeta Sisay Cheru3, and Mebrhatom Gebresemaeti Weldehans1
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:Acid Activation of BentoniteBentonite Clay Toxicity4 · Abstract. Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching earths (BEs). The roles of
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· The acid-activated bentonite was then separated from the liquid by centrifugation followed by thorough washing with distilled water. After drying at 60 C, BA was subjected to thermal activation by heating in a muffle furnace at 100 and 200 C for 30 minutes (Toor
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· Activated bentonite Acid-activation (Amari et al., 2010) was carried out with sulfuric acid (1.5 M) in a jacketed glass reactor equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a stirrer. At the end of each experiment, the
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Characterization of Acid Activated of Bentonite Clay of Hada, Afar, Ethiopia Mulubrhan Tsegabruk Berhe1, Goitom Gebreyohannes Berhe2*, Mulugeta Sisay Cheru3, and Mebrhatom Gebresemaeti Weldehans1 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Ethiopian Institute of Technology-Mekelle, Mekelle University, PO Box
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· SO. ) activation of the bentonite was conducted in a three-necked 0.5 liter. glass flask. Acid co ncentrations wer e prepared as 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 M. A reflux. condenser was attached to
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:Sulfuric AcidPublish Year:2019 · Biodiesel obtained by transesterification of vegetable oils and fats is an alternative for petro-diesel fuel. Purification of biodiesel is one of the crucial steps in the production of biodiesel. The conventional wet washing of biodiesel involves huge quantities of water, energy, and time. Therefore, dry washing was carried out with raw bentonite
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· Activation of Bentonite clay using hydrochloric acid (HCl) [15], [16], sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) [17], [18] and other acids [19], [20] has been reported. Out of all acids, H 2 SO 4 is preferred mostly as the activation can be performed by mild process conditions and the quality of the end product is better with high specific surface area and
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· Preparation and Characterization of Acids and Alkali Treated Kaolin Clay. Kaolin was refluxed with HNO3, HCl, H3PO4, CH3COOH, and NaOH of 3 M concentration at 110 °C for 4 hours followed by calcination at 550 °C for 2 hours. The physico-chemical characteristics of resulted….
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:Acid Activation of BentoniteSulfuric AcidBleaching By Sulphurous Acid · Total acidity of Indian bentonite (IB) and acid activated Indian bentonite (AAIB) was measured by n -butylamine (0.01 M) back titration method. The
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