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· The crushed rock layers (CRLs) with a satisfied cooling effect on underlying permafrost has been widely used for construction of roadway embankments in cold regions. At present, whether the CRLs
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· A series of Laboratory studies were carried out on the cooling effects of crushed rock layers with different particle sizes under closed and open tops. The thicknesses of crushed-rock layers are 130 cm and the mean particle sizes are 8.3 cm, 14.8 cm, 22.1 cm and 27.1 cm, respectively.
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Front. Earth Sci. 9:795894. doi: 10.3389/feart.2021.795894. heat convection inside. Based on this mechanism, crushed-rock structures with different forms are widely used in the construction and
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· A crushed rock layer is often reveted on a cold-region embankment side slope to keep the underlying permafrost layer cool. However, its cooling effect is strongly affected by the solar absorption of this layer. This study proposes a procedure for measuring the albedo of a heterogeneous surface like a crushed rock layer. The albedo of crushed
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· To provide clarity and avoid confusion, we will stay with the definition that gravel cannot refer to crushed stone and must remain in its natural state. There are three types of natural rock and stone: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous: Igneous rocks are formed after molten rock or lava solidifies.
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· Zhang et al. [24] investigated a new design by combining L-shaped TPCTs, crushed-rock layers and insulation to satisfy the cooling requirement of high-grade highways. Ma et al. [ 25 ] proposed a novel structure combining the L-shaped two-phase closed thermosyphons with the inverted T-shaped crushed-rock interlayer to overcome
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· A crushed-rock layer, because of its pore-air convective cooling effect, has been widely used to adjust the geotemperature of the permafrost stratum in cold regions. To optimize the control
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· The crushed-rock layer is considered as the porous medium because of its large pores. Then, the convection effect of air could be considered to be a non-isothermal seepage through the crushed-rock porous medium ( Zhang et al., 2006 ; Tai et al., 2020b ).
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· The increased rainfall in summer induces warming and humidification of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, significantly affecting the temperature boundaries and cooling effects of the crushed-rock embankment (CRE). The crucial issue of quantitatively characterizing the hydrothermal changes and the cooling effects of CRE has not been
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· The results show that the temperature and settlement of the combination of graded crushed-rock layer and insulation layer decrease significantly as the particle diameter and thickness of graded
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: Wansheng Pei, Mingyi Zhang, Shuangyang Li, Yuanming Lai, Long Jin · The results show that the temperature and settlement of the combination of graded crushed-rock layer and insulation layer decrease significantly as the particle diameter and thickness of graded
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· Crushed-rock embankment (CRE), which is implemented to construct roadways in permafrost regions, effectively protects underlying permafrost because natural air convection occurs within crushed-rock layer (CRL) embedded in the embankment. Considering the effect of climate warming and special geological conditions, this study
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· DOI: 10.1016/J.COLDREGIONS.2018.10.012 Corpus ID: 133862543 Experimental and theoretical studies on the solar reflectance of crushed-rock layers @article{Zhang2019ExperimentalAT, title={Experimental and theoretical studies on the solar reflectance of crushed-rock layers}, author={Ming-yi Zhang and Zhiqiang Wu and Jiwei
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· Crushed-rock layers have been widely used in roadway embankments in warm permafrost regions to preserve the permafrost ground via the convective cooling through the cavity of the rock layer. Under the scenario of global warming, reducing the solar absorption of the rock layer for further preserving the permafrost in the roadbed
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· Investigation of crushed rock material used in the frost protection layer (Norway). GEO Quebeck 2015 conference. Indirect methods to assess the solid particle thermal conductivity of Quebec marine
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We often refer to all small, loose stones as “gravel.”. But actually, there is a fundamental difference between gravel and crushed stone. Gravel is a material of naturally occurring loose stone chunks with rounded edges. You can find it occurring naturally, perhaps in a gravel pit or river. Crushed stone, on the other hand, is manufactured.
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2 · In these areas, high geostress and tectonic stresses have caused some underground rock layers to be crushed and broken, eventually forming crushed rock zones. Which may undergo creep deformation
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· Soil column studies under controlled laboratory settings can help understand the thermal-hydrodynamics of the crushed rock layer. In this study, four large-scale subgrade models with different initial soil moisture contents, fine contents were subjected to freeze-thaw action by bringing the soil surfaces exposed to air temperature
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View AbstractView ArticleVolume 201 · Crushed-rock layers have been widely used to cool subgrades in permafrost regions. The convective cooling effect of crushed-rock layers depends not only on the
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· Fig. 7 compares the temperature variations of Case 1 and Case 2 at both the surface (0.0 m) and the bottom (− 1.0 m) of crushed-rock layer. During rainfall, the surface temperature of CRL underwent a step mutation, with decreases of 0.75 °C, 1.25 °C, 1.3 °C, and 1.34 °C for Case 2 in the 2nd to 5th cycles, respectively.
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· The ventilation drag of the crushed-rock layer is larger than that of the concrete-sphere layer under the same mean particle size because the crushed-rocks have irregular shapes and rough surfaces. However, under the experimental conditions, when the mean particle size of the crushed-rock layer is 1.30–1.40 times as much as that of the
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· Class 1-4 Crushed Rock. These are often used for roads and highways but they can also be used for heavy-traffic driveways. They are typically graded and compacted to form a rigid, stable base and covered with asphalt. B-grade Crushed Rock (BCR) and Fine Crushed Rock (FCR) These are both used as bases in a similar way for
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· Crushed rock layer thicknesses in the highway embankment, corresponding to the initial point and end point of the rapid-increase region, are defined as minimum and maximum thicknesses of the crushed rock layer, which would trigger winter-time natural The
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· The crushed-rock layer can be taken as a highly porous medium without inner hot source [3], [8], [18], [19], which allows air to flow through it when unstable pressure gradient exists [8], [11].Experiments and numerical simulations were also
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· A crushed-rock embankment (CRE) with a high porous crushed-rock layer (CRL) can effectively cool the underlying permafrost through natural ventilation within the layer. However, in addition to the ambient conditions, the ventilation efficiency of the CRL and its cooling effect are significantly affected by the pavement width. In this study,
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· It is assumed that a crushed rock layer thickness may range between zero and the total design height H 0 of highway embankment, with the exception of the pavement layer, when studying the impact of crushed rock layer thickness on the winter-time natural convection cooling effectiveness in the embankment.
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· They are used in laying railroad tracks – they provide stability for the tracks and aid in efficient drainage, maintaining the smooth operation and safety of the railroad system. Benefits of Using Crushed Stone Aggregates. Constructing structures that can hold up against time and use, all because of crushed stone aggregates, has become a staple.
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This is attributed to the crushed rock layer’s greater stiffness and strength than the soft clay [31]. Therefore, the bearing capacity can be improved, and the settlement can be reduced. The failure mechanism can be described as punching failure in the crushed b).
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Coarse rock layers are widespread in periglacial environments and can lower the temperature of underlying ground. We show that the cooling effect of closed and sloping rock layers is in the form of Rayleigh‐Bénard convection, while that of open and inclined rock layers is via the ‘chimney effect’ and wind‐forced convection. Cooling has been
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Trituradora de piedra vendida por proveedores certificados, como trituradoras de mandíbula/cono/impacto/móvil, etc.
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